Bibliographie
BLUMLER Jay, KAVANAGH Dennis, « The Third Age of Political Communication : Influence and Features », Political Communication, 1999, vol. 16, No 3.
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT, Code of conduct, 2010, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-advisers-code-of-conduct
THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT, Model contract for special advisers, 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-advisers-code-of-conduct
THE CABINET OFFICE, Annual Report on Special Advisers 2019, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-adviser-data-releases-numbers-and-costs-december-2019
CAMPBELL Alastair, The Blair Years. Extracts from the Alastair Campbell Diaries, London, Hutchinson, 2007.
THE CENTRE FOR POLITICS AND MEDIA RESEARCH, « From spin doctors to social media : the evolution of political communication », 10/08/2018, https://www.bournemouth.ac.uk/news/2018-08-10/spin-doctors-social-media-evolution-political-communication
THE CIVIL SERVICE, Research Note : Special Advisers and Public Allegations of Misconduct 1997 – 2013, https://www.civilservant.org.uk/library/2013_SpAds_and_Misconduct.pdf
COCKERELL Michael, HENESSY Peter, WALKER David, Sources close to the Prime Minister. Inside the Hidden World of the News Manipulators, London, Macmillan, 1984.
THE ECONOMIST, « A general theory of spin doctors », 11/11/1999, https://www.economist.com/britain/1999/11/11/a-general-theory-of-spin-doctors
FAUCHER-KING Florence, « La crise de la représentation en Grande-Bretagne », 04/10/2010, La vie des idées, https://laviedesidees.fr/La-crise-de-la-representation-en.html
FRANKLIN Bob, Packaging Politics : Political Communications in Britain’s Media Democracy, London, Edward Arnold, 1994.
GREFFET Fabienne, GIASSON Thierry, « enpolitique.com. Stratégies, professionnels de la communication et internautes dans les campagnes électorales en ligne en France et au Québec », Erudit, 20/06/2018, https://0-www-erudit-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/fr/revues/ps/2018-v37-n2-ps03803/1048874ar
INGHAM Bernard, The Wages of Spin, London, John Murray, 2003.
JONES Nicholas, Soundbites and Spin Doctors, London, Indigo, 1996.
MACINTYRE Donald, Mandelson. The Biography, London, Harper Collins Publishers, 1999.
MAJOR John, The Autobiography, London, Harper Collins, 2000.
MICHIE David, The Invisible Persuaders. How Britain’s Spin Doctors Manipulate the Media, London, Bantom Press, 1998.
POUPEAU François-Mathieu, David GUÉRANGER, Stéphane CADIOU, « Les consultants font-ils (de) la politique ? », Politiques et Management Public, vol. 19(1), 2012, https://0-journals-openedition-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/pmp/4582
POZZI Jérome (éd), De l’attaché de presse au conseiller en communication. Pour une histoire des spin doctors, Rennes, PUR, 2019.
PRICE Lance, The Spin Doctor’s Diary : Inside Number 10 with New Labour, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 2005.
RICHARDS Paul, Be your own Spin Doctor. A practical guide to using the media, Harrogate, Take That Ltd, 1998.
THATCHER Margaret, The Downing Street years, London, Harper Collins, 1993.
WRING Dominic, The Politics of Marketing the Labour Party, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
YONG Ben, HAZELL Robert, Special advisers. Who they are, what they do and why they matter, Oxford and Portland, Hart Publishing, 2014.
Haut de page
Notes
Pour une définition de la communication politique, voir Lucien Sfez, Dictionnaire critique de la communication, Paris, PUF, 1993. Dominique Wolton, « Les contradictions de la communication politique », Hermès, La Revue, 1995, N° 17-18.
Monica Charlot, La démocratie à l’anglaise. Les campagnes électorales en Grande-Bretagne depuis 1931, Paris, A. Colin, 1972, p. 347.
Duncan Watts, Political Communication Today, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997, p. 126. Ivor Crewe, Martin Harrop, Political Communications : The General Election Campaign of 1983, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1986, p. 84.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QF52Lh7uVGk, consulté le 07/04/2020.
Jay Blumler, Dennis Kavanagh, « The Third Age of Political Communication : Influence and Features », Political Communication, 1999, vol. 16, No 3, p. 209-230.
Paul Richards, Be your own Spin Doctor. A practical guide to using the media, Harrogate, Take That Ltd, 1998, p. 11.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-adviser-data-releases-numbers-and-costs-december-2019 consulté le 27 février 2020.
Duncan Watts, Political Communication Today, Manchester, Manchester University Press, 1997, p. 121.
Parmi eux figurent comme conseillers spéciaux du Premier ministre, Thomas Balogh (Harold Wilson), John Hoskyns, Anthony Parsons, Alan Walters (Margaret Thatcher), Andrew Adonis, Alastair Campbell, David Hill, Anji Hunter, Peter Hyman, Pat MacFadden, David Miliband, Jonathan Powell, James Purnell, Ed Richards, Derek Scott (Tony Blair), Michael Jacobs, Damian McBride (Gordon Brown), Shaun Bayley, Andrew Coulson, Steve Hilton, Henry Macrory, Craig Oliver, James O’Shaughnessy, Rohan Silva (David Cameron).
Dennis Kavanagh, Election Campaigning. The New Marketing of Politics, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1995, p. 14. Michael Cockerell, Peter Henessy, David Walker, Sources close to the Prime Minister. Inside the Hidden World of the News Manipulators, London, Macmillan, 1984, p. 194. The American Presidential Election 1992, what can Labour learn ?, Labour Party Archives, Manchester.
Ben Yong, Robert Hazell, Special advisers. Who they are, what they do and why they matter, Oxford and Portland, Hart Publishing, 2014, p. 17.
Ibid, p. 31, 194.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-advisers-code-of-conduct consulté le 12 janvier 2020.
Ben Yong, Robert Hazell, op. cit., p. 133, 200-201.
Voir les ouvrages de David Butler, Dennis Kavanagh, The British General Election of 1979, 1983, 1987, 1992, 1997, London, Macmillan.
Nicholas Jones, Sound bites and Spin Doctors, London, Indigo, 1996, p. 123.
Il fut successivement secrétaire d’État au Commerce et à l’Industrie, secrétaire d’État pour l’Irlande du nord et secrétaire d’État aux Affaires, à l’Innovation et aux Compétences. Donald Macintyre, Mandelson, The Biography, London, Harper Collins Publishers, 1999.
Ben Yong, Robert Hazell, op. cit., p. 36.
Bernard Ingham, The Wages of Spin, London, John Murray, 2003, p. 157.
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-adviser-data-releases-numbers-and-costs-december-2019 consulté le 12 janvier 2020.
https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn01663/ Et https://www.parliament.uk/site-information/foi/transparency-publications/hoc-transparency-publications/financial-information/financial-assistance-to-opposition-parties/ consulté le 13 mars 2020.
Short money, Briefing paper, N° 01663, 4 octobre 2018, SN01663.pdf, consulté le 13 mars 2020.
Dominic Wring, The Politics of Marketing the Labour Party, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan, 2005, p. 13.
Ivor Gaber, « Lies damn lies… and political spin », British Journalism Review, 2000, vol. 11, N° 1, pp 60-70.
Jones Nicholas, op. cit., p. 123-124.
Ben Yong, Robert Hazell, op. cit., p. 171.
Austin Ranney, Channels of Power. The Impact of Television on American Politics, New York, Basic Books, 1983, p. 114.
Alastair Campbell, The Blair Years. Extracts from the Alastair Campbell Diaries, London, Hutchinson, 2007, p. 429.
Peter Mandelson est un ancien réalisateur de télévision qui dirigea le service de communication des travaillistes et qui était la parfaite incarnation du spin doctor britannique. Frank Esser, Carsten Reinemann, « Spin Doctoring in British and German Election Campaigns. How the press is being confronted with a new quality of political PR », European Journal of Communication, 2000, 15 (2), p. 209-239.Bob Franklin, Packaging Politics : Political Communications in Britain’s Media Democracy, London, Edward Arnold, 1994, p. 133.
Alastair Campbell est un ancien rédacteur politique du Daily Mirror. Alastair Campbell, op. cit., p. XVI. Ben Yong, Robert Hazell, op. cit., p. 194.
Jérome Pozzi (éd), De l’attaché de presse au conseiller en communication. Pour une histoire des spin doctors, Rennes, PUR, 2019, p. 8.
Dominic Wring, op. cit., p. 150.
Ibid, p. 170.
Bernard Ingham définit le spin doctor comme « un individu qui, en fournissant un lien avec les journalistes, agit dans l’intérêt à court terme de la personne ou de l’organisation qui l’emploie, sans aucune retenue éthique », Bernard Ingham, op. cit., p. 137-138.
Paul Richards, op. cit., p. 7.
https://register.prca.org.uk/slides/association-professional-political-consultants/
https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/special-advisers-code-of-conduct consulté le 8 février 2020.
Research Note : Special Advisers and Public Allegations of Misconduct 1997-2013, http://www.civilservant.org.uk/library/2013_SpAds_and_Misconduct.pdf p. 8-9, 15, consulté le 19 mars 2020.
Dominic Wring, op. cit., p. 170.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/dump-fing-everyone-the-inside-story-of-how-michael-gove-s-vicious-attack-dogs-are-terrorising-the-8497626.html, consulté le 27 février 2020.
Pour le Daily Mirror, « quiconque a osé critiquer le Premier ministre et ses spin doctors est écarté », Daily Mirror, « une », 14 février 2020.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/2977978.stm consulté le 12 février 2020.
David Baker, Pauline Schnapper, Britain and the Crisis of the European Union, Basingstoke, Palgrave-Macmillan, 2015, p. 179.
Vyacheslav Polonski, « Impact of social media on the outcome of the EU referendum », https://www.referendumanalysis.eu/eu-referendum-analysis-2016/section-7-social-media/impact-of-social-media-on-the-outcome-of-the-eu-referendum, consulté le 11 mars 2020.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/08/world/europe/dominic-cummings-brexit-boris-johnson.html?searchResultPosition=4 Et https://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/unmasked-gove-attack-dog-dominic-cummings-who-turned-schools-into-a-war-zone-9509810.html, consulté le 14 mars 2020. Il est notamment à l’origine du slogan « Reprendre le contrôle » (« Take back control »), et a été le principal protagoniste d’un film diffusé à la télévision, Brexit, réalisé par Toby Haynes et sorti en 2019.
https://uksa.statisticsauthority.gov.uk/?s=Letter+from+Sir+David+Norgrove+to+Foreign+Secretary consulté le 11 mars 2020.
Action privée menée par Marcus Ball, créateur du mouvement Stop Lying in Politics, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/boris-johnson-trial-brexit-court-lying-prosecution-nhs-vote-leave-a8934451.html, consulté le 11 mars 2020.
Cette stratégie de communication a recours aux techniques d’indexation du SEO (Search Engine Optimization), https://www.20minutes.fr/high-tech/2571131-20190726-referencement-google-nouvel-outil-strategie-communication-politique-boris-johnson, consulté le 3 mars 2020.
Jonathan Freedland, « Post-truth politicians such as Trump and Boris are no joke », The Guardian, 13 mai 2016.
https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/dec/06/sector-by-sector-brexit-impact-forecasts-do-not-exist-says-david-davis consulté le 11 mars 2020.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-latest-news-liam-fox-eu-free-trade-deal-uk-secretary-easiest-human-history-david-davis-a7850216.html, consulté le 12 mars 2020.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/dec/15/victory-brexit-lies-does-not-make-them-true-govern-one-nation consulté le 11 mars 2020.
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/nov/04/juncker-boris-johnson-told-so-many-lies-in-eu-referendum-campaign consulté le 11 mars 2020.
« Macron : Brexit campaign based on ‘lies’ but EU must reform », https://www.politico.eu/article/macron-brexit-campaign-based-on-lies-but-eu-must-reform, consulté le 12 mars 2020.
https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/electoral-commission-statement-investigation-leaveeu consulté le 9 mars 2020.
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/04/cambridge-analytics-data-brexit-trump consulté le 11 mars 2020.
Disinformation and ‘fake news’, Digital, Cultural, Media and Sport committee, 2019, p. 93-94, https://web.archive.org/web/20190401203709/https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmcumeds/1791/1791.pdf, consulté le 11 mars 2020.
Bernard Ingham, op. cit., p. 100.
Bernard Ingham, Ibid, p. 61.
Bernard Ingham, Ibid, p. 102.
Paul Richards, op. cit., p. 14.
Frank Esser, Carsten Reinemann, David Fan, op. cit., p. 225.
Frank I. Luntz, op. cit., p. 33.
Alastair Campbell, op. cit., p. 285-87.
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-45925542 consulté le 9/03/2020.
https://www.independent.ie/world-news/they-invent-they-exaggerate-they-deny-saying-things-theyve-said-alastair-campbell-on-boris-johnson-and-donald-trump-38601990.html consulté le 2 mars 2020.
Haut de page