Bibliographie
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BAUDRILLARD Jean, La Guerre du Golfe n’a pas eu lieu, Paris: Galilée, 1991.
Baudrillard Jean, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, trans. Paul Patton, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1995
CARRUTHERS Susan L., Cold War Captives: Imprisonment, Escape and Brainwashing, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009.
CAVALLARO James, SONNENBERG Stephan & KNUCKEY Sarah, “Living under Drones: Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians from U.S. Drone Practices in Pakistan”, New York: Stanford Law School, 25 September 2012. <https://law.stanford.edu/publications/living-under-drones-death-injury-and-trauma-to-civilians-from-us-drone-practices-in-pakistan/>, viewed October 26, 2021.
CHAMAYOU Grégory, Drone Theory, trans. Janet Lloyd, London: Penguin, 2015.
CHAPPELLE Wayne, On killing remotely: The Psychology of Killing with Drones, New York, Boston & London: Little, Brown & Company, 2021.
Cunningham Douglas A. and John Nelson, A companion to the War Film, Hoboken: NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2016,
DER DERIAN James, Virtuous War, Mapping the Military-Industrial Media Entertainment Network, New York & London: Routledge, 2009.
DREW Christopher & PHILIPPS Dave, “As Stress Drives Off Drone Operators, Air Force Must Cut Flights”, The New York Times, 16 June 2015. <http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/us/as-stress-drives-off-drone-operators-air-force-must-cut-flights.html>, accessed June 15, 2021.
ELISH Madeleine Clare, “Remote Split: A History of U.S. Drone Operations and the Distributed Labor of War”, Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 42, no. 6, 2017, 1100-31. <https://0-www-jstor-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/stable/26580327>, accessed November 15, 2021.
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Horsman Yasco, “Drone Bomb Me: cinema & warfare in The Good Kill and Eye in the Sky”, The Senses and Society, 15:3, 299-310. DOI: 10.1080/17458927.2020.1820192.
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LANDSBERG Alison, Prosthetic Memory, The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.
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LINEBAUGH Heather, “I worked on the U.S. drone program. The public should know what really goes on”, The Guardian, 29 Dec. 2013. <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/dec/29/drones-us-military>, accessed May 20, 2022.
MAURER Kevin, “She Kills People from 7,850 Miles Away”, The Daily Beast, 10 October 2015. <http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/10/18/she-kills-people-from-7–850-miles-away.html>, accessed October 20, 2021.
McChrystal Stanley, “It takes a Network. The New Front Line of Modern Warfare”, Foreign Policy, Feb. 21, 2011. <https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/02/21/it-takes-a-network/>, accessed May 1, 2022.
NEYRAT Frédéric, Le Terrorisme : la tentation de l’abîme, Paris : Larousse, 2009.
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Rabbani Maarya, “America’s Last Drone Strike in Afghanistan and the Necropolitical Language of Drone Warfare”, March 4, 2022. <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2022/03/04/americas-last-drone-strike-in-afghanistan-and-the-necropolitical-language-of-drone-warfare/>, accessed May 1, 2022.
Rose Kenneth D., Myth and the Greatest Generation: A Social History of Americans in World War II, New York: Routledge, 2008.
SCAHILL Jeremy, “The Assassination Complex”, The Intercept, 15 October 2015.
<https://theintercept.com/drone-papers/the-assassination-complex/>, October 15, 2021.
Schmitt Eric, “US Carries Out First Airstrike in Somalia Since August,” The New York Times, Feb. 24, 2022. <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/us/politics/somalia-shabab-us-airstrike.html>, accessed May 1, 2022.
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SINGER Peter Warren, Wired for War, New York: The Penguin Press, 2009.
SOMERSTEIN Rachel, “We Can’t Remember what we Haven’t Seen: Media, War, and the Future of Collective Memory”, Afterimage, vol. 40, no. 4, 2018, 10-14.
VON CLAUSEWITZ Carl, On War (1832), Auchland: The Floating Press, 2010.
WILCOX Lauren, “Embodying Algorithmic War: Gender, Race, and the Posthuman in Drone Warfare,” Security Dialogue, vol. 48, no. 1, Feb. 2017, 11-28. DOI: 10.1177/0967010616657947, accessed May 1, 2022.
WOODS Chris, Sudden Justice, American’s Secret Drone Wars, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Notes
Douglas A. Cunningham and John Nelson, A companion to the War Film, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Blackwell, 2016, 352. Kenneth D. Rose, Myth and the Greatest Generation: A Social History of Americans in World War II, New York: Routledge, 2008, 61.
The Deer Hunter (Michael Cimino, 1978), Coming Home (Hal Hashby, 1978), Apocalypse Now (Francis Ford Coppola, 1979). See Linda Dittmar and Gene Michaud, From Hanoi to Hollywood: the Vietnam War in American film, New York: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
Susan L. Carruthers, Cold War Captives: Imprisonment, Escape and Brainwashing, Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009, 448.
Rachel Somerstein, “We Can’t Remember What We Haven’t Seen: Media, War, and the Future of Collective Memory”, Afterimage (2013) 40 (4), 10-14. DOI: 10.1525/aft.2013.40.4.10.
“Mass culture makes particular memories more widely available, so that people who have no ‘natural’ claim to them might nevertheless incorporate them into their own archive of experience.” Alison Landsberg, Prosthetic Memory, The Transformation of American Remembrance in the Age of Mass Culture, New York: Columbia University Press, 2004, 9.
Delphine Letort, “Looking Back into Abu Ghraib: Standard Operating Procedure (Errol Morris, 2008)”, Media, War and Conflict, Volume 6, Issue 3, December 2013, 221-232. <http://0-mwc-sagepub-com.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/content/6/3/221.abstract>, accessed May 2, 2022.
Jean Baudrillard, La Guerre du Golfe n’a pas eu lieu, Paris: Galilée, 1991.
Jean Baudrillard, The Gulf War Did Not Take Place, trans. Paul Patton, Bloomington: University of Indiana Press, 1995, 62.
Maarya Rabbani, “America’s Last Drone Strike in Afghanistan and the Necropolitical Language of Drone Warfare”, March 4, 2022. <https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/mec/2022/03/04/americas-last-drone-strike-in-afghanistan-and-the-necropolitical-language-of-drone-warfare/>, accessed May 1, 2022.
Eric Schmitt, “US Carries Out First Airstrike in Somalia Since August,” The New York Times, Feb. 24, 2022. <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/24/us/politics/somalia-shabab-us-airstrike.html>, accessed May 1, 2022. The last drone strike in Afghanistan happened on 29 August 2021 and mistakenly killed 10 civilians.
Lauren Wilcox, “Embodying Algorithmic War: Gender, Race, and the Posthuman in Drone Warfare,” Security Dialogue, vol. 48, no. 1, Feb. 2017, pp. 11-28. DOI: 10.1177/0967010616657947.
Yasco Horsman, “Drone Bomb Me: cinema & warfare in The Good Kill and Eye in the Sky”, The Senses and Society, 15:3, 302. DOI: 10.1080/17458927.2020.1820192.
Caroline Holmqvist, “Undoing War: War Ontologies and the Materiality of Drone Warfare,” Millennium: Journal of International Studies, vol. 41, no. 3, 541.
Stanley McChrystal, “It takes a Network. The New Front Line of Modern Warfare”, Foreign Policy, Feb. 21, 2011. <https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/02/21/it-takes-a-network/>, accessed May 1, 2022.
Madeleine Clare Elish, “Remote Split: A History of U.S. Drone Operations and the Distributed Labor of War”, Science, Technology, & Human Values, vol. 42, no. 6, 2017, 1104. <https://0-www-jstor-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/stable/26580327>, accessed May 15, 2022.
Ibidem, 1113, 1116.
“The pilot has very little say-so in what happens. Yes they pull the trigger and they will sometimes have to say if there’s a problem with the bird. If it’s going to crash that’s kind of their responsibility to make sure it doesn’t”, one former intelligence for JSOC told the author. Madeleine Clare Elish, op. cit., 1115.
Cited in Chris Woods, Sudden Justice, American’s Secret Drone Wars, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015, 12.
Yasco Horsman, op. cit., 307.
Jeremy Scahill and Glenn Greenwald wrote a page on The Intercept website on February 10, 2014: “The NSA […] often identifies targets based on controversial metadata analysis and cell-phone tracking methodologies. Rather than confirming a target’s identity with operatives or informants on the ground, the CIA or the U.S. military then orders a strike based on the activity and location of the mobile phone a person is believed to be using.” <https://theintercept.com/2014/02/10/the-nsas-secret-role/>, accessed October 26, 2021.
Sigfried Giedion, 1948, quoted in Daniel Pick, War Machine: The Rationalisation of Slaughter in the Modern Age, New Haven and London : Yale U. P., 1993, 185.
Derek Gregory, “From a View to a Kill: Drones and Late Modern War”, Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 28, no. 7-8, 2011, 196.
Remote warfare relies on “setting apart oneself and the crime one commits; not establishing the connection between the two” (Weil 2004, 348).
Joseph Pugliese, op. cit., 501.
Grégoire Chamayou views the drone as “a hunter advancing on a prey that flees or hides from him.” Grégoire Chamayou, Drone Theory, trans. Janet Lloyd, London: Penguin, 2015, 32.
“We’re at war in a different kind of war. It’s a war that requires U.S. to be on an international manhunt. We’re on the hunt. It’s a war that causes U.S. to need to get the enemy on the run. We got them on the run. And it’s just a matter of time we bring them justice.”
<https://www.gq.com/story/drone-uav-pilot-assassination>, accessed May 1, 2022.
Douglas A. Cunningham and John Nelson, op. cit., 72.
Original italics. James, Virtuous War, Mapping the Military-Industrial Media Entertainment Network, New York & London: Routledge, 2009, xxi.
Elke Schwarz, “Prescription Drones: On the Techno-Biopolitical Regimes of Contemporary ‘Ethical Killing.’” Security Dialogue, vol. 47, no. 1, Feb. 2016, 60, DOI: 10.1177/0967010615601388.
Grégoire Chamayou, op. cit., 189.
Paul Kahn, “The Paradox of Riskless Warfare, Philosophy & Public Policy Quarterly, vol. 22, no. 3, 2002, 2.
Carl Von Clausewitz, On War (1832), Auchland: The Floating Press, 2010.
President Obama, Speech at the National Defense University, May 23, 2013.
Ibidem.
Chris Woods, op. cit., 6.
Car Von Clausewitz, op. cit., 122.
Jeremy Scahill, op. cit., 22.
Elke Schwartz, op. cit., 65.
M. Cooper Harriss, Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Theology, New York: New York U.P., 2017, 190.
Rachel Somerstein, op. cit., 14.
Derek Gregory, op. cit., 198.
Ibidem. The author quotes from The Defense Science Board Summer Study: “Enemy leaders look like everyone else; enemy combatants look like everyone else; enemy vehicles look like civilian vehicles; enemy installations look like civilian installations; enemy equipment and materials look like civilian equipment and materials”, ibid., 154.
Joseph Pugliese, State Violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of Torture, Black Sites, Drones, London & New York: Routledge, 2016 [2013], 503. An anonymous drone operator testified: “You have some guy sitting at Nellis and he’s taking his kid to soccer. It’s a strange dichotomy of war.” Peter Warren Singer, Wired for War, New York: The Penguin Press, 2009, 331.
Christopher Drew & Dave Philipps, “As Stress Drives Off Drone Operators, Air Force Must Cut Flights”, The New York Times, 16 June 2015. <http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/17/us/as-stress-drives-off-drone-operators-air-force-must-cut-flights.html>, viewed Mays 10, 2022.
Joseph Pugliese, op. cit., 505.
Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitariansm, San Diego, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1979 [1951], 451.
“The five most commonly endorsed symptoms (items 9, 10, 13, 14, and 15) on the PCL-M (for both drone operator groups) were “feeling distant or cut off from others,” “trouble falling and staying asleep,” “feeling irritable and having angry outbursts,” “having difficulty concentrating” and, “loss of interest in activities previously enjoyed.”
Wayne Chappelle, On killing remotely: The Psychology of Killing with Drones, New York, Boston & London: Little, Brown & Company, 2021, 481. “For the population assessed in this study, we defined exposure time as time allotted to surveillance of real-time battlefield operations; any operator assigned full time would therefore experience 30 – 50 h per week of exposure to war-time imagery (i.e., potential traumatic events).” Brandon Bryant also told NPR Radio: “It was horrifying to know how easy it was. I felt like a coward because I was halfway across the world and the guy never even knew I was there. I felt like I was haunted by a legion of the dead. My physical health was gone, my mental health was crumbled. I was in so much pain I was ready to eat a bullet myself.” Joe Schoenmann, “Former Nellis AFB Drone Operator, On First Kill, PTSD, Being Shunned By Fellow Airmen”, NPR, June 9, 2015. <https://knpr.org/knpr/2015-01/former-nellis-afb-drone-operator-first-kill-ptsd-being-shunned-fellow-airmen>, accessed May 2, 2022.
Heather Linebaugh, op. cit.
Khalid Raheem, op. cit., 81.
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