Submitting an article to be published in one of our issues implies the acceptance of the following conditions by the author:

• the author gives the non‑exclusive rights to their work or contribution to UGA Éditions and authorises the diffusion of the final published open access version of their contribution licenced under Creative Commons CC‑BY‑SA 4.0 (or if necessary a more recent version of that licence): a contract for the transfer of copyright on a non‑exclusive basis will be sent if the publication is accepted;

• if the author borrows something (text, photography, drawing...) which they then use in a book or article, the author must acquire the necessary authorisations beforehand and submit them along with their transcript.

1. Elements that must be provided by the authors

Two digital versions of the article (an MS Word document and a PDF document, the latter acting as a reference for non‑Latin characters and special presentations) must be submitted to the issue’s coordinator(s).

The author will indicate their name and surname as well as their institutional affiliation at the beginning of their texts (while respecting the standardised signing charter of scientific publications as established by their supervising institution).

An abstract (at least 1,000 characters, spaces included) and 5 to 10 keywords in French and in English (possibly in another language) must always be provided by the author. The article’s title must also be translated into French. This data is useful for the article’s search engine optimisation and to make it more accessible.

All quotes in a foreign language must be translated, and the translation should preferably be a footnote or come after the quote.

All illustrations, regardless of their type (figures, charts), will be numbered and submitted as separate files in high resolution (300 dpi). The fonts of special characters will be attached to the provided documents. Every illustration must have a title (or a caption and artist credit) and be announced in the text by a number between brackets.
It is recommended to provide images (or screenshots) for complex charts (or text elements that require a specific alignment like annotations) that could lead to retranscription errors during the preparation of copying or displaying issues on the digital version on the OpenEdition Journals platform.

NB. – Clarification concerning articles including emojis in the body of the text: to ensure compatibility between different browsers and management by the Lodel software for digital editing, all emojis and emoji screenshots inserted in the body of the original text must be replaced by their ISO equivalent (cf. <https://emojipedia.org/en/>). It is also a W3C recommendation for the accessibility of internet content.

2. Spelling rules

The original spelling of quoted text must be respected. The same goes for book titles or articles in.

3. General instructions for textual presentation

The article length must not exceed 40,000 characters, spaces included.

Articles can be written in French, English, Spanish, Italian, or Portuguese. If an author wishes to submit an article in another language, they must ask the scientific and editorial board. The author of a contribution is responsible for the correct use of the language and its punctuation.

For their article layout, authors are required to use the style model in MS Word that can be downloaded from the following link: <https://objs-fr.hypotheses.org/698> on PC or <[…]/697> on Mac.

The installation procedure of the Word design templates can be found on the same website.
A model defines the base structure of a document and allows its formatting thanks to the use of predefined style sheets. It allows texts typed in MS Word to be structured and facilitates their treatment before their importation on the Lodel software to be uploaded on the issue’s website.

The article must be formatted and written using the Times New Roman Unicode 12 pt typeface. However, if specific typefaces are required, they must be attached to the provided documents (only Unicode typefaces are accepted). Do not insert line breaks between paragraphs and do not omit accents on uppercase letters (especially proper nouns in the bibliographies).

The title and the abstracts must not contain footnote numbers. If a note is needed, it is preferable to indicate it in the body of the text or as an author’s note (using the style sheet “Authors Note”).

Each language’s punctuation rules must be strictly followed, both for articles written in a foreign language and for quotes.

The hierarchy for subheadings and subtitles must be indicated clearly with the style sheets “Heading” and ordinal numbering based on the current international system (1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3… / 2, 2.1, 2.2… / 3…). The introduction and conclusion must be clearly indicated and numbered. Avoid references to subheadings and subtitles in the text.

Notes will be numbered using Arabic numbers. They must clarify the text: avoid inserting numerous lengthy notes. Do not add charts or long quotes.

Do not use too many visual signals for the reader. Generally, only italic fonts are accepted: avoid using underlined fonts, capital letters and bold fonts.

4. Bibliography and quotation of bibliography references in the text

The journal Lidil has decided to adopt the APA norms (7th edition), in other words, the American Psychological Association’s style for publications and other scientific contributions in the fields of psychology and behavioural sciences, and nowadays generally in the field of human and social sciences. These are editorial rules specifying all the elements related to a manuscript’s layout: page layout, textual structure, writing style, syntax, quotations in the text, bibliography references, charts and graphs, etc. New elements of the 7th edition of the APA norms are shown in the margin with this icon 🆕.

4.1. Quotation of bibliography references in the text

The body of a scientific article has many references to other scientific documents providing a base for the author and from which extracts are sometimes quoted. It is mandatory to always mention these documents’ references (the “sources”) in the texts, in the place where they are quoted.

To insert bibliography references in the body of the text, we use the reference system Author + date of publication which refers to a bibliography (or “list of references”) at the end of the article. The indication in the text is put between brackets; it includes the name of the author and the year of publication separated by a comma, as well as the number of the page(s) in question if needed. A suffix (a, b, c…) can be added to the year if the bibliography contains multiple publications from the author in the same year, the suffix is assigned based on the order of appearance in the bibliography.

The reference system Author + date reserves the use of footnotes for explanations, commentaries, and complementary information.

General forms of the references between brackets

(Dabène, 1994) / (Dabène, 1990, 1994) / (Dabène, 1994b, pp. 130–135)

🆕 For references including two authors, the names will be separated by the symbol “&”.

(Brissaud & Péret, 2012)

🆕 If a reference has more than two authors, only the name of the first author will be quoted followed by the mention “et al.” (for cowriters) as well as the date:

(Schneuwly et al., 2009)

Exceptions: if multiple works of three or more authors are quoted and they all have the same first author and publication year, enough authors must be quoted to distinguish the references, followed by “et al.”.

(Brissaud, Cogis et al., 2012) / (Brissaud, Sautot et al., 2012)

If one quote or piece of information is linked to multiple references, they are written in the same set of brackets and each Author(s) + date separated by a semicolon (references are listed in alphabetical order and not chronological order):

(Brissaud et al., 2012; Dabène, 1990, 1994; Péret & Sautot, 2012b)

NB. – It is possible to indicate a main reference on which the text is based, followed by one or multiple secondary references; in this case, the main reference followed by a “;”, and then the mention “see also” and the other references by alphabetical order separated by “;”.

“Le sens de cette relation ne semble pourtant pas clair” (Dabène, 1994; see also Péret & Sautot, 2012b; Torterat, 2012a).

Indirect quotation

When one rewrites the author’s idea in their own words, the general rule is to only quote the author’s name and the date of the document mentioned. This quotation can be done in three different ways:

• between brackets: author’s name and publication year separated by a comma

[…] the mother tongue is the language spoken in the immediate parental environment (Dabène, 1994).

NB. – It is also possible to refer to a particular element in a document, such as a chapter, a chart or a graph in order to quickly find the relevant information; in this case, add the information about the location of said information between brackets, just after the date, separated by a comma and in abbreviated form: p. or pp. for page(s), vol. or vols for volume(s), chap. or chaps for chapter(s), fig. for figure(s)…

[…] its position in the knowledge transmission chain (Laforest, 2011, fig. 1).

• author’s name in the text and year of publication between brackets

As Dabène (1994) pointed out […].

NB. – If a reference has two authors, the names of the authors are indicated every time in the text, separated by the conjunction “and” (not with “&”). If a reference has more than two authors, only the name of the first author will be quoted followed by the mention “et al.”.

Corteel and Avezard-Roger (2013) questioned periphrastic verb forms […].

[…] the psychology of language evoked by Schneuwly et al. (1983).

• name of the author and year of publication directly in the text

In 1994, Dabène attempted to forge new concepts […].

The general rule is to only quote the author’s surnames and not their first names; the first name’s initial is only indicated if two authors share the same surname:

S. Freud (1928) stated that […], whereas for A. Freud (1949) […].

In one of the first studies on the subject (S. Freud, 1928), an avenue was opened up […].

If the author is a group (institution, association, organism, etc.), there are two possibilities:

• if there is no common and known abbreviation (like an acronym), quote the name of the group as the author every time;

• if there is a common abbreviation, the name of the group is indicated the first time followed by the acronym between brackets (or between square brackets, if the abbreviation is already between brackets); and then further in the text, only the acronym is indicated.

An initial study on the subject (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1987) showed that […].
A subsequent, more in‑depth study carried out by a team from the NIMH (1995) highlighted that […].

Quoting an extract from a text

For an extract from a text reproduced in full, please indicate the author, year and specific page (or series of pages) or paragraph number (if not paginated) after the quoted text.
Please note that the year and the author’s name can be mentioned before or after a quoted excerpt.

However, the page number is always written in brackets after the quotation.

As Lass (1990) clearly explained, “[Languages] in their structure show a certain amount of bricolage; they are to some extent jury‑rigged or cobbled together” (p. 80).

NB. – When an author’s words are faithfully transcribed, without making any changes, it is a quotation that must be marked as such. Quotations must accurately match the original text. The author is responsible for their accuracy. Changes introduced by the author in the text of a quotation (deletions, additions or replacements of words or letters) are indicated in square brackets. If he or she uses italics or underlining to draw the reader’s attention to a particular part, he or she shall indicate it in the footnotes with phrases such as “I underline”, “the underlining is mine” or “the italics are mine”. In an excerpt from a quoted text, narrative ellipses or omissions of one or more words must be indicated by ellipses written in square brackets […] and never in italics (even in an English text). Make sure to add punctuation before or after the break. Always mention the quotation reference.

— Short quotations (i.e. less than three lines, or less than 40 words) shall be inserted into the running text, in roman typeface and between quotation marks if they are in English, or in italics and always between quotation marks for quotations in foreign languages.

According to Genouvrier and Peytard (1970), “les relevés statistiques montrent […] que la langue emploie un futur périphrastique pour deux futurs simples” (“statistical data show […] that the language uses a periphrastic future tense for two simple future tenses”, p. 27).

— Long quotations (i.e. three lines or more, or more than 40 words) are separated from the text by spaces before and after, without quotation marks, with left and right indentation (please use the “Quotation” style from the Word template that can be downloaded at <https://objs-fr.hypotheses.org/698> on PC or <[…]/697> on Mac). Long quotations in foreign languages should be italicised.

As Deulofeu and Debaisieux (2012) pointed out:

Toute grammaire de référence d’une langue devrait se présenter à la fois comme une somme organisée des connaissances ou des savoirs que les locuteurs ou les spécialistes ont sur cette langue, et comme un recensement des usages effectifs que font les locuteurs de cette langue dans les divers registres selon lesquels elle est utilisée. (pp. 27–28)

Please note: changes introduced by the author in the text of a quotation (deletions, additions or replacements of words or letters) are indicated in square brackets. Text breaks must be indicated by ellipses in square brackets […]. Make sure to add punctuation before or after the break. Always mention the quotation reference.

Direct quotation from a secondary source

In some cases, you may want to refer to an author cited by the author of the publication you are reading. If so, you must indicate the name of the primary document’s author, then add “quoted by” in brackets, followed by the name of the secondary document’s author as well as the page number, if applicable.

In 1994, Dabène (quoted by Billiez, 2012) suggested that […].

Some authors recalled that “la solution de problèmes d’arithmétique élémentaire n’a pas été beaucoup étudiée par les psychologues” (Vergnaud & Durand, 1976, quoted by Rouchier, 1994, p. 150).

Please note: the original source (i.e. the one which was not directly accessed) must be mentioned in the text and added to the bibliography at the end of the article, as opposed to the official APA standard, which recommends that only the source directly accessed (i.e. the secondary source) should be mentioned in the bibliography.

4.2. List of bibliographical references at the end of the article

The list of bibliographical references (more commonly referred to as “bibliography”) at the end of the article is provided to enable the reader to identify and find only the original documents actually consulted and explicitly quoted in the text of the article (with or without excerpts).

In compliance with the APA standard, it is strictly prohibited to add unquoted references.

Bibliographical references are listed alphabetically by author’s name, then chronologically by publication year. For all references without authors and collaborative works, put the title first, and classify them according to the first letter of the first significant word in the title. Please do not use the word “Anonymous”.

Please note: when referring to several works from the same author(s) published the same year, these references should be listed alphabetically according to the first letter of the title, adding “a” directly after the year of the first one, “b” for the second, and so on.

 

A bibliographic record comprises four main sections (author, date, title, publication details). Each section is separated by a full stop.

Please note: if the text is already followed by a full stop (e.g. when using an abbreviation), an “!” or a “?”, it is sufficient. There is no need to add a full stop, a single punctuation mark is enough.

— Authors

Please write the author’s last name followed by a comma, then his or her first name(s).

🆕 If there are up to 20 authors, indicate their first and last names, each separated by a comma, in the order in which they are mentioned in the document. Insert an “&” before the last author’s name (it must not be preceded by a comma).

🆕 If there are more than 20 authors, specify the first and last names of the first 19 authors, followed by an ellipsis “…”, then indicate the first and last name(s) of the last author (it must not be preceded by an “&”).

Please note: authors’ first names must be written out in full rather than in abbreviated form, as opposed to the APA standard, which recommends writing first names’ initials only.
Authors’ names must be written in small capitals, accented if necessary. Please capitalise the first letter of the name only.

If the author is an association or organisation, write its name as the author.

Ministère de l’Éducation nationale. (2008). Qu’apprend‑on à l’école élémentaire ? Les nouveaux programmes 2008‑2009. Publication details.

If they are not authors strictly speaking but rather editors or scientific directors, write “(dir.)” after the first name of the last “author”.

If the document read is a translation of an original work, indicate only the name(s) of the author(s) of the original work. The name(s) of the translator(s) should appear after the title, followed by a comma and “transl.” (all in brackets).

Schön, Donald. (1994). Le praticien réflexif. À la recherche du savoir caché dans l’agir professionnel (J. Heynemand & D. Gagnon, transl.). Publication details.

— Publication date

The publication date should be written in brackets directly after the “Author(s)” section.

If no date is specified in the document, or if it is unclear whether the date indicated refers to the creation or publication date, write “n.d.” in the brackets (stands for “no date”).

If the document has been approved for publication but has not yet been published, it should be indicated in brackets by writing “to be published”.

— Title

Write the title and any subtitle separated by a full stop or colon (do not use a hyphen).

The title of the primary work (periodical, book, thesis…) must be in italics and the secondary work (article, chapter…) in roman type (without quotation marks).

Add any additional information such as edition number, volume, translator’s name, etc., directly after the title, in brackets, using abbreviations (ed., vol., chap., transl.).

If the quoted document is a translation of an original work, write the title of the translation. The title of the original work should appear after the translation’s publication details (see below).

— Publication details

NB. – These rules apply to monographs, collective works and research reports.

🆕 The place of publication is no longer included in book and chapter references.
For documents that still indicate a specific location (e.g. papers presented during conferences), indicate the place using the following format: City, State or Province [if applicable], Country (using the official two‑letter code for the US states and Canadian provinces. For instance: New York, NY).

According to the APA standard, the collection should never be specified.

Volume numbers should always be written using Arabic numerals (this also applies to periodicals).

When translating an original work, please add in brackets, after the translation’s publication details, the words “Original work published in XXXX under the title”, the title (in italics) and the publisher.

Schön, Donald. (1994). Le praticien réflexif. À la recherche du savoir caché dans l’agir professionnel (J. Heynemand & D. Gagnon, transl.). Logiques. (Original work published in 1983 under the title The Reflective Practitioner. Basic Books).

— Information about online consultation

The DOI [Digital Object Identifier] remains the preferred identification method for online documents, indicated in the form of a hyperlink beginning with https://0-doi-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/. For online sources without a DOI, write the document’s full URL.

🆕 You no longer need to indicate the last consultation date (except for publications that are modified or updated very frequently, such as social media) or the words “Available online at” before the URL.

General formats for bibliographical records

Book (monograph)

Last Name, First name, Last Name, First name & Last Name, First name. (Year). Book title (information on the edition and volume number, if applicable). Publisher. [Do not indicate the collection.]

Muller, Claude. (2008). Les bases de la syntaxe (2nd ed.). Presses universitaires de Bordeaux.

Research report

Last Name, First name, Last Name, First name & Last Name, First name. (Year). Report title (report number). Publisher.

Palacio-Quintin, Ercilia & Coderre, Rémi. (1994). Les services de garde à l’enfance : influence des différents types de garde sur le développement de l’enfant (Report no. RS‑2989). Université du Québec à Trois‑Rivières.

Thesis or dissertation

Paper version

Last Name, First name. (Year). Thesis or dissertation title (Degree and publication details). University, Location.

Goossens, Vannina. (2005). Une typologie des noms de sentiment basée sur leurs collocations verbales (2nd year Master’s thesis, not published). Université Stendhal- Grenoble 3, Grenoble.

Electronic version

Last Name, First name. (Year). Thesis title (Degree, University, Location). [Digital Object Identifier] <https://doi.org …> or <URL> if no DOI is available.

Combe Celik, Christelle. (2005). Pratiques discursives dans une formation en ligne à la didactique du français en langue étrangère (Doctoral thesis, Université Stendhal-Grenoble 3, Grenoble). <https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508363/fr/>.

Chapter (or contribution) in a collective work

Last Name, First name. (Year). Chapter title. In First name [short form] Last name & First name [short form] Last name (dir.), Title of the collective work (edition, volume or chapter number, pp. xx–xx). Publisher. [Do not indicate the collection. If the work involves more than six authors, write “et al.” after the first author.]

Piggot, Therese D. & Barr, Rebecca. (2002). Designing Programmatic Interventions. In M. L. Kamil et al. (dir.), Methods of Literacy Research (vol. 3, pp. 23–32). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Periodical article (available online or not)

Last Name, First name. (Year). Article title. Periodical title, vol.(no.), xx–xx. [Digital Object Identifier] <https://doi.org …> or <URL> if no DOI is available.

If no volume is specified, indicate the number in italics and without brackets.
For series of pages, indicate only the page numbers without using the abbreviation “pp.”.

Lazard, Gilbert. (2008). Vers une typologie scientifique. La linguistique, 44(2), 13–24. <https://0-doi-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/10.3917/ling.442.0013>.

Paper presented at a conference or symposium

Last Name, First name. (Year, Month). Paper title. Paper presented at “Name of the symposium (or conference)”, Location.

Péret, Claudie & Sautot, Jean-Pierre. (2012, May). Le verbe auxiliaire : état d’une notion chez les élèves. Paper presented at “Le complexe du verbe”, Lyon, France.

Paper published in proceedings (printed or online)

– If the proceedings have been published in the form of a book with (or without) a scientific publisher: follow the rules as set for a chapter (or contribution) in a book.

Last Name, First name. (Year). Paper title. In First name [short form] Last name & First name [short form] Last name (dir.), Title of proceedings (no. of volume or chapter, pp. xx–xx). Publisher. [Digital Object Identifier] <https://doi.org …> or <URL> if no DOI is available.

Bonami, Olivier, Boyé, Gilles, Giraudo, Hélène & Voga, Madeleine. (2008). Quels verbes sont réguliers en français ? In J. Durand, B. Habert & B. Laks (dir.), La linguistique française d’aujourd’hui : actes du Congrès mondial de linguistique française (pp. 1511–1523). Institut de linguistique française. <https://0-doi-org.catalogue.libraries.london.ac.uk/10.1051/cmlf08186>.

– If the proceedings have been published in the form of numbered annual volumes: follow the rules as set for a periodical article.

Last Name, First name. (Year). Paper title. Title of proceedings, vol. or no., xx‑xx. [Digital Object Identifier] <https://doi.org …> or <URL> if no DOI is available.

Péret, Claudie & Sautot, Jean-Pierre. (2012). Le verbe : entre curriculum institué et curriculum réel. Actes du 11^e congrès de l’Association internationale pour la recherche en didactique du français, 23, 253–274.

Web page

Last Name, First name [if the author is known]. (Year). Web page title. Available online at Name of the organisation responsible for the website: <URL> (accessed on day month year) or <https://doi.org …> [Digital Object Identifier, if specified in the copyright section].

Feyereisen, Pierre. (2002). Le vieillissement cognitif. Available online at the website of Université catholique de Louvain, Unité de cognition et développement: <https://www.code.ucl.ac.be/vico.html> (accessed on 11 July 2013).

Website Name [if the author is not known]. (Year). Web page title. Available online at <URL> (accessed on day month year) or <https://doi.org …> [Digital Object Identifier, if specified in the copyright section].

Wikipedia. (2013). Didactique. Available online at <https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didactique> (accessed on 11 July 2013).

5. Reminder of some typographical rules

Note reference marks

In English, the note reference mark is always placed after the punctuation mark (. , ; : ! ? ”).

🇫🇷 In French, the note reference mark is always placed before the punctuation mark. If it refers to a quote, it is placed before the closing quotation mark.
Please note: if the quoted sentence is complete, the full stop is also placed before the closing quotation mark. The note reference mark is followed by a full stop at the end of the sentence, even if it is preceded by a full stop for an abbreviated word. For instance: etc.¹. / J.‑C.².

🇪🇸 In Spanish, the note reference mark is generally placed outside the quotation marks, after elements inserted between parentheses, but before the punctuation mark (which is also always rejected in a quote after the closing quotation mark).

… «incomplete quote»³.

«Sentence quoted in full»³.
[The full stop is discarded after the closing quotation mark and the note reference mark where applicable.]

Interrogative and exclamatory quotes:

Le preguntó al conserje: «¿Dónde están los baños, por favor?»³.

«Juan exclamó: “¡Qué ‘simpático’ eres tu!, ¿no?”»³.

¿Ha dicho «¡que voy!»³?

… «word³ in particular within a quote».

(Words or sentences in brackets)³

…³

Quotation marks

In an English text, double quotation marks (“ ”) are used to mark a first-rank quote and single quotation marks (‘ ’) for a second-rank quote.

In a French 🇫🇷 or Spanish 🇪🇸 text, chevron-shaped typographical quotation marks are used (« ») for a first‑rank quote and English double quotation marks (“ ”) for a second‑rank quote.

Non-breaking spaces

In English and Spanish 🇪🇸, quotation marks are attached to the words they enclose, whereas in French 🇫🇷 they are separated from the words they enclose by a non-breaking space.

The colon, semicolon, exclamation point, question mark, and the %, ‰ and °C signs are not preceded by a non‑breaking space in English, whereas they are in French 🇫🇷.

🇪🇸 In Spanish, there are no spaces before colons and semicolons. An interrogative sentence is preceded by an inverted question mark (in Castilian only) and ended with a classic question mark [e.g.: ¿Comó te llamas?]. An exclamatory sentence is also preceded by an inverted exclamation point and ended by a classic exclamation point [e.g.: ¡Arriba!].

Ellipses

In English, ellipses are separated from the preceding word by a non-breaking space.

I’m dreaming …

On the other hand, in French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸, ellipses are attached to the last letter of the preceding word and followed by a normal space.

Je rêve…

Estoy soñando…

NB. – To indicate a narrative ellipsis (omission of one or more words from a quoted text), use an ellipsis, but enclose them in square brackets “[…]”.

Hyphens and dashes

In English, the short dash (i.e. en dash) is used to indicate intervals.

The war of 1914–1918; pp. 154–8.

The long dash (i.e. the em dash) is used to indicate an incision—such as this one—within a sentence. The second dash is deleted before a final punctuation mark. In English (American usage 🇺🇸 here preferred), it is customary not to introduce a space before and after the long dash:

The English example—though it is useful—won’t be translated like that.

In French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸, the hyphen is used to indicate intervals.

1914-1918; p. 154-158.

🇫🇷 In French, the long dash (i.e. the em dash) is used to indicate an incision within a sentence. A non‑breaking space is also used after the first dash and before the second. The second dash is deleted before a final punctuation mark.

🇪🇸 In Spanish, the first em dash of an incision is attached to the word that follows it, and the second em dash to the word that precedes it:

Los incisos —como éste— tienen una ortografía especial.

🇪🇸 In Spanish, an enumeration or dialogue dash is also attached to the first word that follows it:

Antonio: —¿Cómo estás María?
María: —Bien Antonio, ¿y tú como has estado?

Enumeration

In English, it is customary to keep the comma after the penultimate element while using the coordinating conjunction “and”.

A, B, and C.

Italics

Italics are used to draw the reader’s attention to a word, phrase or passage that the author wishes to emphasise. It is used for Latin expressions (abbreviated or not) and foreign words; on the other hand, the names of foreign companies and organisations are written in Roman.

It is also customary to use italics when quoting the title of a newspaper, magazine or literary or artistic work.

Capital letters

Never write whole words, sentences, titles or proper nouns in capital letters. Use capital letters only for acronyms. Do not put dots between the letters of acronyms.

CNRS and not C.N.R.S.

NB. – For the titles of English articles and books, please write: capitalise the first letter of the first and last words of a title, all nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs and subordinating conjunctions (If, Because, That…), as well as the first word of a subtitle; lowercase articles (a, an, the), coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, for, nor) and prepositions (about, at, before, between, by, from, in, on…), whatever their length, except when they are the first or last word of a title or subtitle.
To compose or check the composition of English titles, you can use the tool available online at <https://capitalizemytitle.com> (the MLA standard is preferred here).

Common abbreviations

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th for first, second, third, fourth…
a.d. or ad for anno domini
b.c. or bc for before Christ
c. or ca. for circa
century [no abbreviation, as it cannot be omitted before an ordinal number]
cf. for confer, see [no abbreviation]
chap., chaps for chapter, chapters
col. for column
Dr for Doctor
ed., eds for editor, editors
e.g. for exempli gratia [for example]
et al. for et alii
etc. for et cetera
f. / ff. for and following page / pages
fasc. for fascicle
fig. for figure(s)
i.e. for id est [that is (to say)]
ibid. for ibidem
id. for idem
ill. for illustration(s)
Mgr for Monsignor
Mr, Messrs for Mister, Messieurs
Mrs, Mmes for Mistress, Mesdames
Ms, Mss for Miss, Misses
ms., mss for manuscript, manuscripts
n., nn. for note, notes
n.d. for no date
n.p. for no place
no., nos for number, numbers
op. cit. for opere citato
p., pp. for page, pages
par. or § for paragraphe
Prof. for Professor
St for Saint
suppl. for supplement
table [no abbreviation]
v., vv. for verse, verses
vol., vols for volume, volumes

🇫🇷 In French

• 2 The degree symbol “°” is to be avoided: use the superscript “o” and the superscript “s” where appro (...)

1^er, 1^re, 2^e… for premier, première, deuxième…
apr. J.-C. for après Jésus-Christ
av. J.-C. for avant Jésus-Christ
c.-à-d. for c’est-à-dire, i. e. for id est
ca for circa [prefer vers or environ]
cf. for confer, voir [no abbreviation]
chap. for chapitre(s)
cité [no abbreviation], op. cit. for opere citato
col. for colonne(s)
D^r for docteur
éd. for éditeur(s) [or even éds pour éditeurs]
et al. for et alii
et suiv. for et [pages] suivante(s)
etc. for et cetera
fasc. for fascicule(s)
fig. for figure(s)
fol. or f^o / f^os for folio(s)
id. for idem
ibid. for ibidem
ill. for illustration(s)
M., MM. for Monsieur, Messieurs
M^gr for Monseigneur
M^lle, M^lles for Mademoiselle, Mesdemoiselles
M^me, M^mes for Madame, Mesdames
ms., mss for manuscrit, manuscrits
n. for note(s)
n^o, n^os2 for numéro, numéros
p. for page(s)
paragr. or § for paragraphe(s)
prof. for professeur
p. ex. for par exemple, e. g. for exempli gratia
s. for siècle(s) [by preference no abbreviation]
s. d. for sans date
s. l. for sans lieu
St- / Ste- for Saint- / Sainte- [proper noun]
suppl. for supplément(s)
tabl. for tableau(x)
v. for vers [singular and plural]
vol. for volume(s)

🇪🇸 In Spanish

• 3 See note 2.

1.^er, 2.^o, 3.^o… for primer, segundo, tercero…
a. C. for antes de Cristo
d. C. for después de Cristo
art. cit. for artículo citado, op. cit. for opere citato
c. for columna
ca. for circa
cap. [or cap.^o] for capítulo
cit. for citado
coord., coords. for coordinador, coordinadores
Dr., Dr.^a for Doctor, Doctora
ed., edd. for editor, editores
EE. UU. for Estados Unidos
esp. for especialmente
etc. for etcétera
fasc. for fascículo
fig. / figs. for figura / figuras
ibíd. for ibídem
i. e. for id est [esto es]
id. for idem
il. for ilustración
Mons. for Monseñor
ms., mss for manuscrito, manuscritos
n.^o3 or núm., n.^os for número, números
ob. cit. for obra citada, op. cit. for opere citato
p., pp. for página, páginas
p. ej. for por ejemplo
párr. [or §] / párrs. for párrafo / párrafos
Prof., Prof.^a for Profesor, Profesora
s. [or sig.] for siglo
s. / ss. for siguiente / siguientes
s. a. for sin año
s. d. for sine data [sin datos del pie de imprenta], sine die [sin año]
s. f. for sin fecha
s. l. for sin lugar [sine loco]
s. p. for sin paginación
Sr., Sr.^a for Señor, Señora
Sto., Sta. for Santo, Santa
supl. for suplemento
tabla [no abbreviation]
v., vv. for verso, versos
vol., vols. for volumen, volúmenes
y cols. for y colaboradores, et al. for et alii

Numbers and dates

In English

Numbers are written in three-digit increments from the right, separated by a comma. For example: 850,753
The decimal separator is a dot. For example: 8,750.54
Months and days of the week begin with a capital letter.
Dates are given according to British usage.
For example: Thursday, 15 January 2015
(and not according to American usage: Thursday, January 15, 2015).
Centuries are written in Arabic numerals without superscript. For example: 19th century

In French 🇫🇷 and Spanish 🇪🇸

Numbers are written in three-digit increments from the right, separated by a non‑breaking space. For example: 850 753
The decimal separator is a comma. For example: 8 750,54
To indicate a date, the month must be written out in full.
For example in French 🇫🇷: le 15 janvier 2015
For example in Spanish 🇪🇸: el 15 de enero de 2015
(et not using the following format: 15/01/2015).
Centuries are written in Roman numerals and small capital letters.
For example in French 🇫🇷: xix^e siècle, i^er siècle
For example in Spanish 🇪🇸: siglo xix

6. Guidelines for book reviews

6.1. Concerning the content

A book review takes account of the reviewed book’s scope while highlighting its strengths and weaknesses. In that way, it is a clear, brief, and well-argued overview that aims at showing the book’s scientific value for a potential reader. It usually begins with an introduction of the author and of the book’s aims. Its conclusion mentions the intended readership, emphasises the book’s overall scientific point and may include a relevant discussion of it. As a result, the expected book review is not in any way a linear or chronological summary nor an extensive and detailed evaluation of the book. Similarly, the book review should be impartial and not show any ideological bias, whatever they are. Discussions should not go beyond the book’s content (e.g. quoting other references).

Here are some examples of topics that may guide the drafting work: author’s motivation, leading hypothesis, methodology, intended purpose, book structure, intelligibility, aim, book’s scientific contribution and relevance regarding language sciences, book’s relevancy amongst other books within the same disciplinary field, writing style, complexity of the content, scientific and drafting quality, etc. The contributor may also focus on one of the book’s specific topics and show how the author tackles it.

It is advised not to follow the book’s structure chapter by chapter but to highlight its research question(s) and the answers proposed by the author regarding the highlighted topic. Again, book reviews for Lidil Journal are not about summarising the book but about submitting a reasoned and organised review which will report on the scientific contribution and the topics highlighted by the book.

6.2. Concerning the form

The reviewer should title their contribution with the following elements:

• title will be centered (Times, 12 pts, bold, no line spacing) and mentioning the following:

Author(s), reviewed book title, publishing place, publisher, year, page numbers;

• then, in right indentation (Times, 12 pts, not bold, no line spacing) will be mentioned:

First name, family name, institutional affiliation (university / institution and, when necessary, for France, the lab).

The review’s body should meet the following criteria:

• it should contain, as a whole (title and attachment included), between a minimum of 5,000 characters and a maximum of 6,000 characters including spaces, about 2 text pages or so;

• Times, 12 pts, 1.5 line spacing, no bold text; 2.5 Margin; A4 Format;

• a single level of text structuring, no titles or subtitles in the body of the text;

• no footnotes;

• no external bibliography (mentions of the reviewed book itself are allowed; other references that would require an added bibliography are not allowed);

• do not use italics (except when quoting terms in foreign languages or specific terminology) nor bold text.

Quotes will have to meet the following standards:

• use the “ ” quotation marks for the quotes and the single quotation marks ‘ ’ for the quotes previously inserted in your quote;

• avoid long quotes and/or the overabundance of quotes;

• the use of terms in foreign languages will be highlighted in italics;

• mention the page where the quote can be found within the reviewed book;

• only mention the family name of the author quoted in the main text, unless ambiguous or homonymous with another author (it unnecessarily extends the text and uses characters out of the total required);

• no quotes outside the book’s content.

Email the final version in Word or Open Office format, no PDF. Indicate the total of characters (text body + title + affiliation) including spaces of your contribution at the end of the text.

In case of delay, issue with finalising your book review, or any question, please contact us as soon as possible at the following address:
ndl-lidil@univ-grenoble-alpes.fr